PTERIDOPHYTES OF KARNATAKA
A CHECKLIST
P. K. Rajagopal
Professor of Botany (Retd.)
Vinayaka, Second Road
Hayagreeva Nagar, Udupi 576102
rajagopalpattaje@yahoo.com
Support
R.N.M. Sahai, Chairman
Karnataka Biodiversity Board
R. K. Singh, Member Secretary
Karnataka Biodiversity Board
Government of Karnataka
Karnataka Biodiversity Board
(Forest, Ecology and Environment Department)
Ground Floor, "Vanavikas"'18th Cross, Malleshwaram
Bengaluru 560 003
Introduction
The term Pteridophyta is from two Greek roots that mean winged (pteryz) and plant (phyto). The reference is to the wing-like appearance of the compound leaves (fronds) that are characteristic of most ferns. They are plants with root, stem and leaves, but no flower, fruit and seeds. The Pteridophytes, which include
ferns and fern-allies formed a dominant part of earth's vegetation in the historic past 354 to 290 million years ago. They flourished well during carboniferous period of the late Paleozoic (age of Pteridophyta). The tree ferns, giant horsetails and arborescent lycopods dominated the swampy landscapes of those ancient ages. In the present day flora though lesser in number, the pteridophytes lend a distinct charm and physiognomy to the landscape. They are important from evolutionary point of view as they show the evolution of vascular system and reflect the emergence of seed habit in plants. The alternating sporophytic and gametophytic generations in their life cycle being independent is another interesting aspect of these plants.
Pteridophytes exist in most habitat types except the marine environment. They grow as terrestrials, epiphytes, lithophytes, halophytes, climbers, hydrophytes, hygrophytes and some as xerophytes – majority of them are being terrestrials in damp and shady situations forming the undergrowth beneath the dense canopy trees and epiphytes on such trees and also as lithophytes on stream banks of evergreen forests. The greatest diversity of pteridophytes is in the tropical forests. Tropical ferns are extraordinarily beautiful plants with their delicate arching foliage. A considerable number of pteridophytes are grown as ornamenatal plants in gardens and fern houses, used as food and serve as medicinal plants.
The Indian sub-continent is one of the richest in its pteridophytic flora, like its angiospermic flora.
In India, pteridophytes are particularly distributed in the Himalayas and Western Ghats of South India. The Western Ghats, principal geographical feature of southern India, extend 1,400 km along the west coast, about 50 km inland. They rise steeply to an average altitude of 900 m (reaching up to 2,600 m). The region has a monsoon climate dominated by the south-west and north-east monsoon winds. The annual rainfall is 2,000 - 6,000 mm, with the western slopes receiving the greatest precipitation. The rugged terrain and abundant rainfall support a diverse and rich flora. Considerable section of Western Ghats, about 400 km long, passes through the state of Karnataka and about 60 percent of the Ghats lie in Karnataka. Most of the pteridophytes of Karnataka are found in its Western Ghats region.
There are between 10,000 - 12,000 species of pteridophytes in the world. Subhash Chandra in his Ferns of India has enumerated 1100 species (belonging to 144 genera under 34 families) from the Indian regions. Thus nearly 10 percent of world pteridophytic flora occurs in India.
Though Karnataka has been well explored as far as angiospermic flora is concerned (even floras for several districts have been published), till recently there has been no comprehensive work on the Pteridophytes of this state. The collection of pteridophytes of Karnataka was very meagre with only small regions of the state surveyed and taxonomic study on them has not received much attention. However, this lacuna was filled up by Rajagopal and Bhat (1998) who took up the work of extensive collection of pteridophytes of Karnataka State, during 1991-96 and prepared the thesis entitled 'Ferns and fern-allies of Karnataka State- A Taxonomical Study". Subsequently a checklist of pteridophytes of Karnataka entitled "Pteridophytic Flora of Karnataka State, India" was published by them in Indian Fern Journal (1998).
This comprehensive work on the pteridophytes of Karnataka has revealed the occurrence of 178 species, belonging to 80 genera and 30 families in its political province (whereas the total number of species of flowering plants in Karnataka is about 4800).
However, pteridological explorations in Karnataka dates as back as 1863. Beddome (1863-64, 1865-70, 1883 and 1892) has recorded 271 fern species from the whole of South India, but the forests of Karnataka have not been adequately covered by him excepting a few references to Coorg forests, no other place of Karnataka has been listed. His collections have been mostly from the Nilgiris, Annamalai and Kerala. Macpherson (1890) collected ferns from North Kanara (now Uttara Kannada) District and has merely listed 75 species of ferns from this area, without giving any descriptions. Blatter and d'Almeida (1922) have included the ferns of North Kanara, then a part of Bombay Presidency in their "Ferns of Bombay"; 90 species of ferns have been included by them as distributed in Uttara Kannada District. Alston (1945) has recorded 58 species of
Selaginella P.Beauv. from India of only four species have been recorded from Karnataka. Kammathy
et al. (1967) have listed 25 species of fern- allies and ferns in their "Contribution towards a flora of Biligirirangana hills". Razi and Rao (1971) have published an artificial key to the Pteridophytes of Mysore city and its neighbouring areas where they have included 70 species of ferns and fern-allies spread over 41 genera. These have been collected from Mysore city, Chamundi hills, Srirangapatana, Ranganathittu and Biligirirangana hills. They have also included many ferns found under cultivation, which do not occur naturally in the state. Bhaskar and Razi (1973) have recorded seven species of ferns and one species of
Selaginella from Mysore district. Holttum (1976) has included 10 members of Thelypteridaceae in the "Flora of Hassan District". Yoganarasimhan
et al. (1981) have recorded 12 species ferns in their 'Flora of Chikmagalur District". Very recently certain regionwise studies on the pteridopytic flora of Karnataka have been conducted by Deepa J
et al. (2013): Kemmangundi and Kigga forests; Sumesh N Dudani
et al. (2013,2014) forests of Yana and Sakleshpur; B.K.Mallayya
et al. (2014): forest region of Sirsi taluk.
Synopsis of the checklist
The present checklist is based on the Ph D thesis on Ferns and Fern allies of Karnataka state and on the subsequent checklist entitled "Pteridophytic Flora of Karnataka State, India' published in Indian Fern Journal (1998) by Rajagopal and Bhat and also on other literature available to the author. The families under each group and the genera and species within each family or the genus are arranged alphabetically. Each record has been provided with currently accepted name, its author(s) name and nomenclatural citation, followed by basionyms and synonyms, if any, and their citation.
A total of 178 species (including four subspecies and four varieties) of pteridophytes belonging to 80 genera and 30 families are recorded in this checklist. A table showing the floristic analysis of the Pteridophytes of the state is given below.
The arrangement of families and genera is based on the one proposed by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-chun Zhang & Harald Schneider in their paper entitled "Linear Sequence of Extant Families and Genera of Lycophytes and Ferns" in Phytotaxa 19: 7-54. 2011. Most of the names are updated as per The Plant List:
www.theplantlist.org
Fiftyfive per cent of the genera and sixteen per cent of the species of Pteridophytes of India are represented in Karnataka. Seventeen species are listed as rare and endangered. Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Polypodiaceae and Aspleniaceae are the dominant families. Asplenium with 16 species is the largest genus followed by
Pteris with 13 species. The following pteridophytes endemic to South India are found in Karnataka:
Huperzia
niligarica (Spreng.) Trevis., Selaginella tenera Spring,
Cheilanthes swartzii Webb & Benth.,
Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum,
Lindsaea malabarica (Bedd.) Baker & Christ,
Pseudocyclosorus ochthodes (Kunze) Holltum ,
Thelypteris
xylodes (Kunze) Ching,
Bolbitis semicordata (Baker) Ching,
Grammitis pilifera Ravi & J. Joseph.
Table: Floristic Analysis of the Pteridophytes of Karnataka State
S. No. | Family Name | No. of Genera | No. of Species |
1 | Lycopodiaceae | 3 | 5 |
2 | Isoetaceae | 1 | 6 |
3 | Selaginellaceae | 1 | 9 |
4 | Equisetaceae | 1 | 1 |
5 | Ophioglossaceae | 2 | 6 |
6 | Psilotaceae | 1 | 1 |
7 | Marattiaceae | 1 | 1 |
8 | Osmundaceae | 1 | 1 |
9 | Hymenophyllaceae | 4 | 9 |
10 | Gleicheniaceae | 1 | 1 |
11 | Lygodiaceae | 1 | 2 |
12 | Schizaeaceae | 1 | 1 |
13 | Marsileaceae | 1 | 1 |
14 | Salviniaceae | 2 | 2 |
15 | Cyatheaceae | 1 | 3 |
16 | Lindsaeaceae | 2 | 6 |
17 | Dennstaedtiaceae | 3 | 4 |
18 | Pteridaceae | 12 | 34 |
19 | Aspleniaceae | 1 | 16 |
20 | Diplaziopsidaceae | 1 | 1 |
21 | Thelypteridaceae | 11 | 19 |
22 | Blechnaceae | 2 | 2 |
23 | Athyriaceae | 5 | 9 |
24 | Hypodematiaceae | 1 | 1 |
25 | Dryopteridaceae | 5 | 14 |
26 | Nephrolepidaceae | 1 | 2 |
27 | Tectariaceae | 1 | 2 |
28 | Oleandraceae | 1 | 1 |
29 | Davalliaceae | 1 | 1 |
30 | Polypodiaceae | 11 | 17 |
Athyriaceae
Allantodia R. Br.
Allantodia aspera (Blume) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(1): 54. 1964
Diplazium
polypodioides Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae fasc. 2: 194. 1828;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Diplazium asperum Blume, Tom. Cit. 195. 1828.
Athyrium asperum (Blume) Copel., Philip. J. Sci. Sect. C 3 : 294. 1908.
Karnataka (Hassan), S India; Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Anisocampium C. Presl
Anisocampium cumingianum C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm.. Ges. Wiss., ser. 56: 418. 1851; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 18.1998
Cyclodium
cumingianum (C. Presl) T. Moore,Index Fil. 88.1857.
Aspidium otaria Kunze ex Mett.,
Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 4: 34, no. 73.1858.
Pleocnemia aristata Bedd., Ferns S. India 28, t. 83. 1863.
nom. illegit.
Nephrodium otaria (Kunze ex Mett.) Baker in Hook. & Baker, Synops. Fil. 288. 1867.
Nephrodium
otarium (Kunze ex Mett.) Baker,
Syn. Fil. 288.1867.
Dryopteris
otaria (Kunze ex Mett.) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 813.1891
Athyrium
otaria (Kunze ex Mett.) Posth.,Proc. Fourth Pac. Sci. Congr. 3: 197.1930.
Athyrium
cumingianum (C. Presl) Ching,
Index Filic., Suppl. 3, 40.1934.
Karnataka (Hassan, Kodagu, Uttara Kannada), S India, Assam; China, Indonesia , Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka.
Athyrium Roth
Athyrium
anisopterum Christ., Bull. Herb. Boissier 6(12): 962. 1898;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998
Athyrium macrocarpon Bedd., Ferns S. India 51, t. 152.1864,
pro
parte, non
Aspidium macrocarpum Blume.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Uttara Kannada), S India, NW Himalayas eastwards to Assam; China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.
Athyrium falcatum Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 151. 1864;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Athyrium
drepanophyllum Bedd, Handb. Ferns Brit. India Suppl. 32. 1892.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), throughout India in mountainous regions.
Athyrium hohenackerianum (Kunze) T. Moore, Index Fil. 49. 1857;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Allantodia hohenackerianum Kunze, Farrnkr. 2: 63, t. 126. 1850.
Karnataka (Chikkamagalura, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), S India;Sri Lanka.
Athyrium solenopteris (Kunze)T. Moore, Index Fil. 43.1857;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Allantodia solenopteris Kunze, Linnaea 24 : 266. 1851.
Athyrium pectinatum Bedd., Fems S. India 51, t. 155. 1864, pro parte non
A. pectinatum Wall. ex Mett.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Uttara Kannada), S India;Sri Lanka.
Deparia Hook. & Grev.
Deparia petersenii (Kunze) M. Kato, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90(1017): 37. 1977
Diplazium
lasiopteris Kunze Linnaea 17: 568. 1843;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Asplenium lasiopteris (Kunze) Mett., Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 78. 1856.
Asplenium
thwaitesii Braunek, Mett. in Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 3: 227. 1859.
Diplazium thwaitesii (Braunek ex Mett.) Klotzsch ex T. Moore, Index. Fil. 339. 1862.
Diplazium
japonicum non Bedd. 1876 nec.
Asplenium japonicum Thunb.; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 180. 1883,
pro parte,
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India; E, S & SE Asia, Oceania.
Diplazium Sw.
Diplazium dilatatum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae fasc. 2: 194. 1828;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Athyrium dilatatum (Blume) Holttum, Fl. Malaya 2 : 574. 1966.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), S to NE India; Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. in Schrader, J. Bot.1801(2): 312. 1803;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:19.1998.
Hemionitis esculenta Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 38. 1791.
Anisogonium esculenta (Retz.)C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 116. 1836.
Athyrium esculentum (Retz.) Copel., Philip. J.Sci. Sect. C, 3 : 295. 1908.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mandya, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; tropical Asia, subtropical and tropical Polynesia.
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium L.
Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Bech., Candollea 6: 22. 1935;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998.
Trichomanes aethiopicum Burm f., Fl. Indica 32. 1768.
Asplenium furcatum Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 172. 1794.
Asplenium laserpitiifolium auct. non Lam.1786;Bedd., Ferns S.India 75, t. 225. 1864.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Hassan, Kodagu), S India; Australia, China, Indonesia, Macaronesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pacific islands, Philippines, Thailand, tropical Africa, tropical America,Vietnam.
Asplenium cheilosorum Kunze ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 6: 133, t. 5, f. 12–13. 1859;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998.
Aspleniun heterocarpum Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 3 : 132, t. 175. 1860.
Hymenasplenium
cheilosorum (Kunze ex Mett.) Tagawa,
Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7(2): 84.1938.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu), S India, Himalayas from Nepal to Bhutan.
Asplenium crinicaule Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: 254. 1866;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17. 1998.
Asplenium falcatum sensu Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 141. 1864.
Karnataka (Hassan), S India; Australia, China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.
Asplenium decrescens Kunze, Linnaea 24: 261. 1851;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998.
Asplenium
contiguum auct. non Kaulf. 1824;T. Moore, Index Fil. 121.1859
Asplenium caudatum auct. non G. Forst. 1786;Hook., Sp. Fil. 3 : 152.1880
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkaballapur), S India; Africa, Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, Sri Lanka.
Asplenium ensiforme Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 1(4): t.71. 1828;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17. 1998.
Karnataka (Chikkmagaluru), throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, China, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Asplenium erectum Bory ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 328. 1810; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998.
Asplenium
camptorachis Kunze, Linnaea 24 : 262. 1851.
Asplenium brasiliensis auct. non Sw.
1817, nec Raddi 1825;Bedd., Ferns S. India 45, t. 135. 1864
Asplenium lunulatum var.
camptorachis (Kunze) Bedd., Handb. Ferns. Brit. India 147. 1883.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India; Africa, Hawaii, Madagascar, Malaysia, Polynesia.
Asplenium formosum Willd., Sp. Pl. 5(1): 329. 1810; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu), E Himalayas, S India; Africa, Australia, tropical America.
Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. 5(1): 322. 1810;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Asplenium
brachtus Kunze, Linnaea 10 : 512. 1836.
Asplenium trapeziforme sensu Bedd., Ferns S. India 45, t. 234. 1864.
Asplenium lunulatum var.
trapeziforme Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 148. 1883
pro parte, non
Asplenium trapeziforme Roxb.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Mysore, Uttara Kannada), S India; Africa, Mascarenes, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Asplenium laciniatum D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 8 : 1825;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India, Himalayas, Africa, China, Hawaii, Indochina, Japan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.
Asplenium nidus L. var. phyllitidis
(D. Don) Bir, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 43 : 567. 1964;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Asplenium
phyllitidis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep.7. 1825.
Thamnopteris
phyllitidis Bedd., Fems S. India t. 123. 1864.
Thamnopteris
nidus var. phyllitidis Bedd., Handb.Ferns Brit. India 139. 1883.
Karnataka (Chikkmagaluru, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, E Himalayas; Paleotropical.
Asplenium normale D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 7 1825;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18. 1998.
Asplenium
multijugum Wall. ex Mett., Adhadel. Seneckenb.Natu.Forsch. Ges. 3 : 179. 1859.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, S India, NE India, Himalayas; Australia, Bhutan, China, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, tropical Africa, Vietnam.
Asplenium polyodon G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 80. 1786;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Asplenium
falcatum Lam., Encycl. 2 : 306. 1786.
Trichomanes adiantoides L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1098. 1753.
Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 99.1905 non
A. adiantoides Lam.
Karnataka (Tumkur), S India, Sikkim, W Bengal; Australia, China, Indian Ocean islands, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, tropical Africa, Vietnam.
Asplenium rockii C. Chr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 332. 1931;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18.1998.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar), NE & S India;Australia, Bhutan, China, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zeland, Taiwan, Thailand.
Asplenium tenuifolium D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 8. 1825;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18. 1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India, Himalayas; Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Asplenium unilaterale Lam.,Encycl. 2(1): 305. 1786;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18. 1998.
Asplenium
resectum Sw., Icon. Pl. 3: t. 72. 1791.
Asplenium trapeziforme Wall. ex Roxb., Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 4 : 497. 1844.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Shimoga), Himalayas; Africa, Polynesia, E & S E Asia, USA (Hawaii Islands)
Asplenium yoshinagae Makino, Phan. Pterid. Jap. Icon. 1: t. 64. 1900;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:18. 1998.
Asplenium indicum Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 264. 1965.
Asplenium planicule Wall. ex Mett., Abhandi. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 3 : 201. 1859, non Lowe 1858.
Asplenium laciniatum auct. non D. Don 1825; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 154. 1883
pro parte
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S India; Meghalaya, Himalayas; Madagascar, E & S Asia.
Blechnaceae
Blechnum L.
Blechnum
orientale L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1077. 1753;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22. 1998
Karnataka (Chikkmagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; Australia,China, Japan, Pacific islands, tropical Asia, Taiwan.
Stenochlaena J. Sm.
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India (Suppl.): 26, t. 201. 1876;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998
Polypodium palustre Burm.f., Fl. Indica 234. 1768.
Acrostichum palustre (Burm.f.) C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn; Soc. London, Bot. 1: 577. 1880.
Stenochlaena scandens (Sw.) J. Sm. in Hook, J. Bot. 3: 401. 1841.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), Kerala, Tamil nNadu, West Bengal; Australia, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pacific islands, Thailand, Sri Lanka,Vietnam.
Cyatheaceae
Cyathea Sm.
Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 8(4): 318. 1935; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14.1998.
Alsophila
gigantea Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 1 : 53. 1844.
Alsophila
glabra auct. non (Blume) Copel. 1909; Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 60. 1863.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in hilly areas; Bhutan, China, S & SE Asia.
Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum, Kew Bull. 19 : 468. 1965; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14.1998.
Alsophila latebrosa Hook., Sp. Fil. 1 : 37. 1884,
pro parte quoad Bedd.,1883.
Alsophila
nilgirensis (Holttum)R.M.Tryon,Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 32 1970.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Uttara Kannada), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu; endemic.
Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 1 : 25, t. 12. 1844; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14.1998.
Alsophila decipiens J.Scott ex Bedd.,Ferns Britsh India t. 311. 1869.
Amphicosmia decipiens (J.Scott ex Bedd.) Bedd., Suppl. Fems Brit. India 1. 1876.
Alsophila
spinulosa (Wall. ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon,
Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 32.1970.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in hilly regions; E & SE Asia.
Davalliaceae
Araiostegia Copel.
Araiostegia pulchra (D. Don) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 34(3): 241. 1927; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12.1998.
Davallia pulchra D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 11. 1825.
Leucostegia pulchra (D. Don) J. Sm., London J. Bot. 1: 426. 1842.
Davallia
chaerophylla Wall. ex Hook.,Sp. Fil. 1: 157, t. 51 A.1845
Acrophorus
pulcher (D. Don) T. Moore,
Index Fil. 3.1857.
Humata
pulchra (D. Don) Diels in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 209.1899.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagalur, Kodagu, Hassan), throughout India in
mountainous regions; Bhutan, China, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Dennstaedtiaceae
Hypolepis Bernh.
Hypolepis glandulifera Brownsey & Chinnock, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 10(1): 16. 1987; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 11.1998.
Polypodium punctatum Thunb., Fl. Japan 337. 1784.
Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett, ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 120. 1868.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara), throughout India in mountainous regions; Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka.
Vernacular name/Common name:Downy Ground-fern (English).
Microlepia Presl.
Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore, Index Fil. 93. 1857; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 11.1998.
Polypodium speluncae L., Sp. Pl. 1093. 1753.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S India, Himalayas; Africa, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands, Philippines, S America, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, West Indies
Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 95. 1849; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 11.1998.
Trichomanes strigosum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 339. 1784.
Karnataka (Shimoga), S India, Himalayas; Indonesia, Japan, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Pteridium Glod. ex Scop.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.)Kuhn, Bot. Ost-Afrika 3(3): 11. 1879.
Pteris aquilina L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1075. 1753.
Karnataka (Hassan, Kodagu, Chamarajanagar, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada),throughout India in mountainous regions; throughout except Arctic and temperate S America.
Vernacular name/Common name: Common bracken, Eagle fern (English)
Diplaziopsidaceae
Diplaziopsis C. Chr.
Diplaziopsis javanica (Blume) C. Chr., Index Filic. fasc. 4: 227. 1905;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J.15:19.1998.
Asplenium javanicum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2 :175. 1828.
Allantodia brunoniana Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1 : 44. 1830.
Allantodia javanica (Blume) Trev., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7 :159.1875.
Diplazium javanicum (Blume) Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2 : 85. 1906.
Athyrium javanicum (Blume) Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16 : 70. 1929.
Karnataka ( Uttara Kannada), Himalayas; Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Dryopteridaceae
Bolbitis Schott
Bolbitis x lancea (Copel.) Ching in C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3 : 48. 1934; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998
Campium lanceum Copel., Philip. J. Sc. 37: 380, t. 25, f. 32. 1928.
Bolbitis kanarensis Nayar & Chandra, Amer. Fern. J. 54 : 9, f.1-9. 1964.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), Andhra Pradesh;endemic.
Bolbitis x prolifera (Bory) C. Chr. Ex C. Chr. & Tard., Not. Syst. Paris 7: 102. 1938; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998.
Polybotrya prolifera Bory, Belanger Voy. Ind. Bot. Or. B2: 18. 1833.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada).
Bolbitis semicordata (Baker) Ching in C. Chr.,
Index Filic., Suppl. Tertium pro Annis 1917-1933 50.1934.& Nat. Bot. Gard. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 50. 1934; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998.
Acrostichum semicordatum Baker in Hook. & Baker Syn. Fil. 422, 1868,
pro parte.
Poecilopteris repanda non (Blume) Presl. 1851;Bedd., Fems S. India 68, t. 202. 1864.
Poecilopteris semicordata Bedd., Fems Brit. India Pl. 270. 1868.
Gymnopteris semicordata J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 138. 1875.
Gymnopteris contaminans Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India 435, f. 264. 1883.
Bolbitis semicordata var.
incisa Nayar & Chandra, Amer. Fern J. 54 : 14, f. 10-15. 1964.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), E
Himalayas, S India; Australia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Bolbitis subcrenata (Hook. & Grev.) Ching in C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 50. 1934; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998.
Acrostichum subcrenatum Hook. & Grev., Icon. Fil. t. 110. 1829.
Gymnopteris subcrenata (Hook. & Grev.) Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India 437. 1883.
Karnataka (Chikkamagalur, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), S India; Sri Lanka.
Arachniodes Blume
Arachniodes amabilis (Blume) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3(1): 90. 1961.
Aspidium amabile Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae. 2: 165. 1828
Polystichum amabile (Blume) J. Sm., Ferns Brit. For. 152.1866.
Dryopteris amabilis (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 812.1891.
Nephrodium amabile (Blume) Hand.-Mazz.,Symb. Sin. 6: 26.1929.
Rumohra amabilis (Blume) Ching,Sinensia 5(1-2): 41.1934.
Polystichopsis amabilis (Blume) Tagawa, J. Jap. Bot. 33(3): 94.1958.
Byrsopteris amabilis (Blume) C.V. Morton,
Amer. Fern J. 50(1): 153.1960.
Karnataka (?), S India; China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lank, Taiwan.
Arachniodes aristata (G. Forst.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3(1): 89 1961;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Polypodium aristatum G. Forst., Prodr. 82. 1786.
Aspidium
aristatum (G. Forst.) Sw. in
Schrader,
J. Bot.1800(2): 37.1801.
Polystichum
aristatum (G. Forst.) C. Presl,Tent. Pterid. 83.1836.
Lastrea
aristata (G. Forst.) T. Moore,
Index Fil. 86.1858.
Dryopteris
aristata (G. Forst.) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 812.1891.
Polystichum
lobatum var.
aristatum (G. Forst.) C. Chr.,Index Filic. fasc. 10: 579, 583.1906.
Rumohra
aristata (G. Forst.) Ching,
Sinensia 5(1–2): 50.1934.
Byrsopteris
aristata (G. Forst.) C.V. Morton,
Amer. Fern J. 50(1): 152.1960.
Polystichopsis aristata (G. Forst.) Holttum, Rev.Fl. Malays 2: 486. 1966.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara), S India; Australia, China, Polynesia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Arachniodes
tripinnata (Goldm.) Sledge, in Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 5: 41. 1973;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Polystichum tripinnatum Goldm.,
Nova Acta Leop., Suppl. 19(I): 463.1843.
Lastrea coniifolia auct. non T. Moore 1857; Bedd., Ferns Brit.Indiat.261.1868,
pro
parte, non
Aspidium coniifolium Wall. ex Mett.
Rumohra
wallichii Ching,
Sinensia 5(1–2): 56.1934.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Shimoga), S India; Indonesis, Malaysia, Philippines.
Dryopteris Adans.
Dryopteris austro-indica Fraser-Jenk., Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 18(5): 370, f. 24. 1989;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Lastrea intermedia auct. non C. Presl, 1836; nec
Dryopteris intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) A. Gray 1848; Bedd., Ferns S. India 39, Pl. 113. 1864, nom. illeg.,
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), endemic??
Dryopteris cochleata ( D. Don) C. Chr.,
Index Filic. fasc. 5: 258.1905;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Nephrodium cochleatum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 6. 1825.
Lastrea cochleata (D Don)T. Moore, Ind. Fil. 88. 1858.
Nephrodium
filix-mas var.
cochleatum (D. Don) Hook.,Sp. Fil. 4: 117.1862.
Lastrea
filix-mas var.
cochleata (D. Don) Bedd.,Suppl. Ferns Brit. Ind. 17, no. 33. 1876.
Aspidium
filix-mas var.
cochleatum (D. Don) Christ,
Farnkr. Erde 257.1897.
Dryopteris
filix-mas var.
cochleata (D. Don) Alderw.,Malayan Ferns 193.1908.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), Himalayas; Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand.
Dryopteris deparioides (T. Moore) Kuntze subsp.
gracillima (Ching) Fraser-Jenk., Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 18(5): 449, f. 63.1989; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Dryoptris
gracillima Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. (Bot.) 8 : 452. 1938.
Dryopteris gracillima var.gracillima Sledge, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 5(1): 19.1973.
Nephrodium sparsum var.
minus Thwaites ex Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2 : 498.1872.
Lastrea sparsa var.
minor (Thwaites ex Baker) Bedd., Suppl. Ferns S.India 17.1876.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India; Sri Lanka.
Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 189; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Aspidium
hirtipes Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae fasc. 2: 148. 1828.
Lastrea
hirtipes (Blume) T. Moore,Index Fil. 94.1858.
Nephrodium hirtipes (Blume) Hook., Sp. Fil. 4 : 115, t. 249. 1862.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara), Himalayas, S India; E & SE Asia.
Dryopteris sparsa ( D. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 813. 1891;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:20.1998.
Nephrodium sparsum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 6.1825.
Aspidium
sparsum (D. Don) Spreng.,
Syst. Veg. 4(1): 106.1827.
Lastrea sparsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) T. Moore, Index Fil. 87. 1858.
Polystichum
sparsum (D. Don) Keyserl.,Polyp. Herb. Bunge 43.1873.
Nephrodium
sparsum var.
latisquamum C.B. Clarke,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1(8): 524.1880
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Shimoga), Himalayas; Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Egenolfia Schott
Egenolfia appendiculata (Willd.) J. Sm., Ferns Brit. For. 111. 1866
Acrostichum appendiculatum Willd., Sp. Pl.ed. 5: 114. 1810.
Polybotrya
asplenifolia C.Presl,Tent. Pterid. 231.1836.
Polybotrya appendiculata (Willd.) J.Sm.in Hook., J. Bot.4: 150. 1841.
Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 : 48. 1959;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998.
Bolbitis
kanarensis Nayar & Chandra,
Amer. Fern J. 54(1): 9.1964.
var.
appendiculata
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), throughout India;China, Philippines.
var.
asplenifolia (Bory) Sledge, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 84: 19. 1982;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998.
Acrostichum asplenifolium Bory, Bel. Voy. Bot. 2 : 21, t. 3. 1833.
Polybotrya asplenifolia (Bory) Presl., Tent. Pterid. 231. 1836.
Egenolfia asplenifolia (Bory) Fee, Gen. Fil. 358. 1852.
Polybotrya appendiculata var.
asplenifolia (Bory) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 424, t. 235. 1883.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.
Elaphoglossum Schott
Elaphoglossum
ciliatum (C. Presl) T. Moore,
Index Fil. 8.1857
Olfersia
ciliata C. Presl,Tent. Pterid. 234.1836.
Acrostichum preslianum Fee, Acrost. 46.1845.
Gymnopteris preslianum (Fee) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 439.1883.
Bolbitis
x presiliana (Fee) Ching, in C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 49. 1934; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998
Karnataka (Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S India;endemic.
Elaphoglossum nilgiricum Krajina ex Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 4: 94. 1967; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998.
Elaphoglossum
squamosum auct.non J. Sm.1841;Bedd., Fems S. India 67,1.197. 1864.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada), S India;endemic.
Equisetaceae
Equisetum L.
Equisetum ramosissimum subsp. debile (Roxb. ex Vaucher) Hauke, Amer. ern J. 52: 33. 1962; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6. 1998.
Equisetum
debile Roxb. ex Vaucher,Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 387.1822.
Hippochaete
ramosissima subsp.
debilis (Roxb. ex Vaucher) Á. Löve & D. Löve,Taxon 26(2–3): 324.1977.
Karnataka (Hassan, Mandya, Mysuru), Himalayas; Afghanistan, Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan, C and SW Asia, China, Europe, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, S Pacific islands, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam;,introduced in N America.
Gleicheniaceae
Dicranopteris Bernh.
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34(5): 250. 1907; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14.1998.
Polypodium lineare Burm. f„ Fl. Ind. 235, t. 67, f. 2. 1768.
Gleichenia dichotoma (Willd.) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 74. 1864.
Gleichenia
linearis (Burm. f.) C.B. Clarke,Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1(7): 428.1880.
Mertensia
linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch,
Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1(11): 1092.1901
Karnataka (Bengaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysore, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara
Kannada), Arunachala Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh,Tamil Nadu; Paleotropical.
Vernacular name/Common name:Old World forked fern (English)
Hymenophyllaceae
Cephalomanes Presl
Cephalomanes obscurum (Blume) K. Iwats., Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13 (5): 547. 1985
Trichomanes obscurum Blume, Enum. Pl. Java 227. 1828; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Selenodesmium obscurum (Blume) Copel., Philip. J. Sci. 67 :81. 1938.
Trichomanes rigidum auct. non Sw. 1788; Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 8. 1864.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu),S India; Polynesia,Sri Lanka, SE Asia,Taiwan.
Crepidomanes Presl
Crepidomanes intramarginale (Hook. & Grev.) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67(1): 59. 1938; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Trichomanes intramarginale Hook. & Grev., Icon. Fil. 2(11): t. 211.1831.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), SE Asia.
Crepidomanes
latealatum (Bosch) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67(1): 60. 1938
Didymoglossum
latealatum Bosch,Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 5(2): 138.1861.
Didymoglossum
racemulosum Bosch,
Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 5(2): 137.1861
Didymoglossum plicatum Bosch. Ned. Kruid. Arch. 5(3): 139. 1861.
Didymoglossum
insigne Bosch,
Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 5(2): 143.1861.
Trichomanes plicatum (Bosch) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India t. 284. 1868; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14. 1998.
Trichomanes
bipunctatum var.
latealatum (Bosch) C.B. Clarke,Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1: 49.1880.
Trichomanes
bipunctatum var.
insigne (Bosch) Bedd.,
Handb. Ferns Brit. India 42.1883.
Trichomanes
bipunctatum var.
plicatum (Bosch) Bedd.,Handb. Ferns Brit. India 42.1883.
Trichomanes
insigne (Bosch) Bedd.,Ferns Brit. India , t. 284. 1868
Trichomanes
plicatum (Bosch) Bedd.,
Ferns Brit. India , t. 285. 1868
Trichomanes filicula auct. on (Bory ex Willd.) Bory, 1849;Bedd., Ferns Brit. India t. 283. 1868.
Trichomanes bipunctatum auct. non Poir. 1808; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 41.1883.
pro parte
Trichomanes
latealatum (Bosch) Christ,
Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 11: 424.1896.
Crepidomanes
plicatum (Bosch) Ching,
Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 171.1959.
Karnataka (Bengaluru, Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga) S & N India, Australia, Bhutan, China, Japan, Malesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Crepidomanes latemarginale (A.A.Eaton) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67(1): 60. 1938
Trichomanes latemarginale A.A.Eaton ,
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 111. 1858;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Trichomanes kurzii Bedd, Ferns Brit. India t. 286. 1868.
Karnataka (Shimoga), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, S India; China, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K. Iwats., J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13 (5): 531. 1985; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Trichomanes minutum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae. Fasc. 2: 223. 1828.
Trichomanes proliferum Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 224. 1828.
Trichomanes
subpinnatifidum Bosch, Ned. Kruid. Arch. 5 : 141. 1861.
Gonocormus diffusus (Blume) Bosch, Hymen. Jav. 9. t. 4. 1861.
Gonocormus
prolifer (Blume) Prantl,
Hymenophyllac. 51.1875
Trichomanes pyxidiferum auct. non L. 1753; Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India 42. 1883 quoad sp.
Karnataka (Kodagu), NE & S India; Africa, Australia Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pacific islands, Philippines, Russia (Siberia), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Didymoglossum Desv.
Didymoglossum
henzaianum (Parish ex Hook.) Mazumdar, Phytotaxa 158(3): 297. 2014
Trichomanes henzaianum Parish ex Hook., 2nd Cent. Ferns Pl. 1. 1860; P.K. Rajagopal &
K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:27.1998.
Microgonium
henzaianum (Parish ex Hook.) Copel., Philip. J. Sci. 67 : 62. 1938.
Karnataka (Shimoga); Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Hymenophyllum Sm.
Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 1: 109, t. 38 A 109. 1844; P.K.
Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Hymenophyllum
gardneri Bosch, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 417. 1859.
Mecodium
exsertum (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel. Philip. J. Sci. 67 (1) : 23. 1938.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu), throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.
Hymenophyllum polyanthos Sw., J. Bot. 1800(2): 102. 1801; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G.
Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Trichomanes polyanthos Sw., Prod. Fl. Ind. Occ. 137.1788.
Hymenophyllum blumeanum Spreng, Syst. Veg. 4(1):131.1827.
Mecodium polyanthos (Sw.) Copel., Philip. J. Sci. 67: 19. 1938.
Hymenophyllum
himalaianum Bosch,Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 5(2): 156.1861.
Hymenophyllum
polyanthos var.
minor Bedd.,Ferns Brit. India ,t. 306.1869
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada),throughoutt India in mountainous regions; throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Trichomanes L.
Trichomanes exiguum (Bedd.) Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2: 464.1874; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Hymenophyllum exiguum Bedd, Ferns Brit. India t. 275. 1868.
Didymoglossum exiguum (Bedd.) Copel., Philip. J. Sci. 67 (1) : 78.1938.
Karnataka (Kodagu),S India; Australia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand.
Hypodematiaceae
Leucostegia C. Presl
Leucostegia immersa Wall. ex C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 95. 1836;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12. 1998
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines, Thailand.
Isoetaceae
Calamaria Boehm.
Calamaria coromandelina
(L. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 828. 1891.
Isoetes coromandelina L. f., Suppl. Pl. Syst. Veg. ed. 2 : 447. 1781; P.K.Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Isoetes capsularis Griff., Icon. Pl. Asiat. 2: t. 117. 1849 non Roxb. 1832.
Isoetes coromandelina var. raipurensis Unni, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 64:590.1967.
Isoetes sahyadriensis Mahabale, Curr. Sci. 60: 62. 1938; P.K.Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat,
Indian Fern J. 15:6. 1998.
Isoetes sampathkumarnii L.N.Rao,
Curr. Sci. 13:286.1944; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6. 1998.
Isoetes mahadevensis G.K. Srivast., D.D. Pant & P.K. Shukla,
Amer. Fern J. 35: 85.1945.
Isoetes dixitei Shende, J. Univ. Bombay 14: 50. 1945; P.K.Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6. 1998.
Isoetes indica D.D.Pant & G.K.Srivast., Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, B 28: 246. 1962; S.Patil, Hande, S.R.Yadav & M.Dongare, Indian Fern J. 30:78.2013.
Isoetes mirzapurensis Panigr. & Dixit, Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, B 28: 246. 1962.
Isoetes panchananii Pant & Srivast.,
Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, B 28:243. 1962.
Isoetes pantii Goswami & Arya, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 49: 30. 1971
Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigr., Biol. Mem. 6(2): 135. 1981
Isoetes coromandelina subsp. brachyglossa (A.Braun) Panigr., Biol. Mem. 6(2): 131. 1981
Isoetes rajasthanensis Gena & Bhardwaja,
J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 165. 1984
Isoetes reticulata Gena & Bhardwaja, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 166. 1984
Isoetes tuberculata Gena & Bhardwaja,
J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 167. 1984
Isoetes panchganiensis G.K.Srivast., D.D.Pant & P.K.Shukla, Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 107. 1993
Isoetes panchganiensis var.
kemangundiensis G.K.Srivast., D.D.Pant & P.K.Shukla, Amer. Fern J. 83(4): 108.1993.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Mandya , Shimoga, Tumakuru); Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarath, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttara Pradesh, West Bengal;Australia,Thailand, Vietnam.
Isoetes Reichenb.
Isoetes udupiensis P.K. Shukla, G.K. Srivast., S.K. Shukla & P.K. Rajagopal, Taxon 54 (1): 112. 2005.
Karnataka (Udupi); endemic.
Note: Probably a synonym of
Calamaria coromandelina
(L. f.) Kuntze
Lindsaeaceae
Lindsaea Dryand. ex Sm.
Lindsaea ensifolia Sw. in Schrader, J. Bot. 1800 (2): 77. 1801; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:11. 1998.
Schizoloma ensifolium (Sw.) J. Sm., Hook., J. Bot. 3 :414. 1841.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, SW Asia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Lindsaea heterophylla Dryand., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 41, t. 8, f. 1. 41. 1797; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12. 1998.
Schizoloma heterophyllum (Dryand.) J.Sm., in Hook., J. Bot. 3: 414. 1841.
Schizolegnia savantwadiensis Almeida, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 74 : 325. 1977.
Schizolegnia indica Almeida, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 74 : 325. 1977.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada),Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Maharashtra; Africa, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Lindsaea malabarica (Bedd.) Baker ex Christ, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26 : 195. 1931; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12. 1998.
Schizoloma malabaricum Bedd., Fems Brit. India t. 268. 1868.
Schizoloma
lobatum (Poir.) Bedd. van
malabaricum (Bedd.) Bedd., Handb.Ferns Brit. India 79. t. 39. 1883.
Karnataka (?),Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu; endemic.
Lindsaea odorata Roxb. ex Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 511. 1844; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12. 1998.
Lindsaea
cultrata auct. multo
Lindsaea lobbiana Hook., Sp. Fil. 1 : 205, t. 62. 1846.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), E India; Africa, Madagascar, Reunion.
Lindsaea venusta Kaulf. ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36. 79. 1869; Rajagopal & P.K., Indian Fern J. 15:12. 1998.
Schizoloma
recurvatum auct. non (Wall. ex Hook.) T.Moore 1857; Bedd., Ferns S. India 9, t. 27. 1864.
Schizoloma
lobata sensu Bedd., Handb. Fern Br. India 79. 1839
pro parte.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), S India; Sri Lanka.
Sphenomeris Maxon
Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3(5): 144. 1913; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:102.1998.
Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm., Bot. Voy. Herald 430. 1857.
Trichomanes chinense L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1099. 1753.
Davallia tenuifolia (Lam.) Sw. in Schrader, J. Bot. 88. 1801.
Stenoloma chinense (L.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India 70 : 1868.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga),throughout India from plains to hilly regions; E & SE Asia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Sri Lanka.
Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia Bernh.
Huperzia
hamiltonii (Spreng.) Trevis., Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 17: 248. 1874
Lycopodium hamiltonii Spreng.,
Syst. Veg. 5: 129, 428 1828; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:4 1998.
Karnataka(Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada); throughout India;Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Vernacular names/Common names:
Thai Fern, Club Moss (English).
Huperzia niligarica (Spring ) R. D. Dixit, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 77(3): 541. 1980.
Lycopodium niligarica Spring,
Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 15(1): 58. 1843; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:4 1998.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar); Kerala, Tamil Nadu;endemic.
Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis., Atti Soc. Crittog. Ital. 17: 247. 1875.
Lycopodium squarrosum G. Forst., Prodr. 86. 1786; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:4 1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, NE India, West Bengal; Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Madagascar, Mauritius,Malysia, Myanmar, Mascarenes, Nepal, Philippines, Polynesia, Seychelles, Tahiti, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Tassel ferns (English)
Lycopodiella Holub
Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.-Serm., Webbia 23(1): 166. 1968
Lycopodium cernuum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1103.1753; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:4. 1998.
Palhinhaea cernua ( L.) Franco & Vasc., Bot. Soc. Broter Ser. 2.41: 25.1967; Dixit, Lycopod. Ind. 90. 1988.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in mountainous regions; throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Staghorn clubmoss (English)
Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub
Phlegmariurus phyllanthum (Hook. & Arn.) R. D. Dixit, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 77(3): 541. 1980.
Lycopodium phyllanthum Hook. & Arn., Bot.Capt. Belg. Voy. 102. 1841; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:4.1998.
Karnataka (Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore); Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bengal, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttara Pradesh, West Bengal; Arctic & alpine zones, throughout tropica and subtropics.
Lygodiaceae
Lygodium
Sw.
Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw., J. Bot. 1800(2): 106. 1801; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7. 1998.
Ophioglossum flexuosum L., Sp. Pl. 1063. 1753.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India from the plains to the moutainous regions; Australia, Bhutan, China, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Lygodium microphyllum
(Cav.) R. Br., Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 162. 1810; P.K.Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7. 1998.
Ugenia microphyllum Cav., Icon. Descr. Pl. 6: 76. t. 595. 1801.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Uttara Kannada), Assam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, S India; Africa, Australia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, N America, Nepal, Pacific Island, Philippines.
Marattiaceae
Angiopteris Hoffm.
Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm., Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 12: 29, t. 5, 29. 1794.
Polypodium
evectum G. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81. 1786.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada);throughout India in hilly regions; Australia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines;naturalized in Costa Rica, Hawaii, Jamaica.
Marsileaceae
Marsilea L.
Marsilea minuta L., Mant. 308. 1771;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25.1998.
Marsilea quadrifolia auct. non L. 1753; Bhaskar & Razi, Hydrophy. Marsh pl. Mysore City 72.1973.
Karnataka (Bengaluru, Chamarajanagara, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysuru, Tumakuru, Udupi), throughout India; Paleotropical; introduced in neotropics.
Nephrolepidaceae
Nephrolepis Schott
Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 152. 1887; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:12.1998
Polypodium auriculatum L., Sp. Pl. 1088.1753.
Nephrolepls cordifolla (L.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 79. 1836.
Polypodium cordifolium L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1089. 1753.
Nephrolepis
tuberosa Presl, Tent. Pterid. 79. 1836.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan), throughout except in drier areas, also cultivated; Australia, throughout E, S & SE Asia; widely cultivated and introduced elsewhere
Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) F.M. Jarrett ex C.V. Morton in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38(7): 309. 1974; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998
Davallia multiflora Roxb., Calc.in J. Nat. Hist. 4: 55, t. 31. 1844.
Nephrolepis exaltata auct. non (L.) Schott: Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 93. 1864.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Shimoga), S India; Paleotropical; introduced elsewhere.
Oleandraceae
Oleandra Cav.
Oleandra musifolia (Blume) C. Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 56: 402. 1851; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:13.1998.
Aspidium musifolium Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 141. 1828.
Oleandra neriiformis auct. non Cav.1799; Bedd., Ferns South India 32, t. 91. 1863.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan), S India; Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand.
Ophioglosssaceae
Botrychium Sw.
Botrychium daucifolium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2 (9): t. 161. 1830; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6.1998.
Botrychium
subcarnosum Wall. ex Bedd., Ferns S. India 23, f. 68. 1864.
Karnataka (Hassan, Kodagu), throughout mountainous regions of India up to 2400 m; Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Botrychium
lanuginosum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 1. T.79.1831 (9): t. 161. 1830; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6.1998.
Botrychium
virginatum (L) Sw.var.languinosum Bedd. Ferns of S. India 22. T. 67. 1864.
Karnataka ( Chikkamagaluru, Mysore), throughout mountainous regions of India up to 2400 m; Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Ophioglossum L.
Ophioglossum
costatum R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 163. 1810; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6.1998.
Ophioglossum
fibrosum Schum., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 452. 1827.
Ophioglossum wightii Grev. & Hook.,Bot. Misc. 3: 218.1833.
Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv.,
Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 306. 1811.
Karnataka (Bijapur, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Udupi, Uttara Kannada);Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, NW to E Himalayas; Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, New Zeland.
Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp.
coriaceum
(A. Cunn.) R.T. Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 161. 1938
Ophioglossum coriaceum A.Cunn., Comp.Bot. Mag. 2:361. 1836.
Ophioglossum gramineum Willd., Nov. Act. Acad. Erf. 2 : 18, t. 1, f. 1. 1802; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6.1998.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mandya, Udupi), Madhya Pradesh, Uttara Pradesh, Tamil Nadu;Afghanistan eastwards to Europe.
Ophioglossum nudicaule L. f., Suppl. Pl. 443. 1781; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6.1998.
Ophioglossum parvifolium Grev. & Hook. in Hook.,
Bot. Misc. 3: 218.1833;Bedd., Ferns S. India 23. t. 71. 1863.
Karnataka (Hassan, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India;Pantropical
Vernacular names/Common names:
Least Adderstongue,
Slender Adder's-tongue (English)
Ophioglossum reticulatum L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1063. 1753; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7.1998.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India from the plains to mountainous regions; Pantropical.
Osmundaceae
Osmunda L.
Osmunda regalis L., Sp. Pl. 1065. 1753; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 7. 1998.
Struthiopteris
regalis (L.) Bernh.,
Schrad. J. 1800(2): 126 1801.
Aphyllocalpa
regalis (L.) Lag., D. García & Clemente,
Anales Ci. Nat. 5(14): 165.1802.
Osmunda hugeliana
C. Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 64. 1845
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), Assam, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttara Pradesh; Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe.
Polypodiaceae
Colysis C. Presl
Colysis
hemionitidea
(Wall. ex C. Persl.) C. Presl., Epim. Bot.147. 1849; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:22.1998
Polypodium hemionitideum Wall., List. No. 284. 1828.
Polypodium
hemionitideum (Wall. ex C. Presl) Mett.,
Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 1: 112.1856.
Pleopeltis hemionitidea Moore, Index Fil. 346. 1862.
Polypodium
ensatosessilifrons Hayata,
Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 312, f. 126 A,B.1915.
Karanataka (Kodagu?); throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, China, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand.
Crypsinus C. Presl
Crypsinus montanus Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 2(5): 145. 1960; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23.1998
Pleopeltis oxyloba Bedd., Ferns S. India 59, t. 175.1864
pro
parte, non
Polypodium oxylobum Wall. ex Kuntze 1851.
Pleopeltis hastata Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 362. 1883
pro
parte, non
Polypodium hastatum Thunb. 1784.
Phymatopteris montana (Sledge) Pichi-Serm., Webbia 28: 463. 1973.
Karnataka (Chikkmagaluru, Kodagu, Shimoga), S India; Sri lanka.
Drymoglossum C. Presl
Drymoglossum heterophyllum (L.)Trimen, J. Linn. Soc. Bot.24: 152. 1887; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23.1998
Acrostichum heterophyllum L., Sp. Pl. 1067. 1753.
Drymoglossum piloselloides var.
beddomei Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 413. 1883, nom . invalid.
Drymoglossum piloselloides auct. non C. Presl.1836; Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India 411.1883, pro
parte
Karnataka (Hassan), S India;tropical Asia.
Grammitis Sw.
Grammitis medialis (Baker) Ching,
Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10(1): 15.1940; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25. 1998
Polypodium mediale Baker,
Syn. Pl. 507.1874.
Polypodium parasiticum auct. non Mett.; Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 302. 1883.
Karnataka (Hassan), S India; Sri Lanka.
Grammitis pilifera Ravi & J. Joseph,
J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 76(2): 348.1980; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25. 1998
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru:Bababudan Hills); endemic.
Loxogramme (Blume) C. Presl
Loxogramme involuta (D. Don) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 215. 1836; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 24.1998
Grammitis involuta D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 14. 1825.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Uttara Kannada), throughout India up to 3000 m; China, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.
Loxogramme
lanceolata
(Sw.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 215, t. 8. 1836.
Grammitis lanceolata Sw.in Schrad., Journ. Bot. 1800, 2: 18.1801
Gymnogramma
lanceolata (Sw.) Hook.,Sp. Fil. 5: 156.1864.
Loxogramme
parallela auct. non Copel., 1905; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24.1998
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), E India; Madagascar; Mascarene Isands, S. Africa, tropical Africa.
Drynaria (Bory.) J. Sm.
Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm.in Hook., J. Bot. 3: 398. 1841; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23. 1998
Polypodium quercifolium L., Sp. Pl. 1087. 1753.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysore, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; Australia, China, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam?.
Pyrrosia Mirbel
Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12(8): 245. 1931; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24.1998
Acrostichum lanceolalum L., Sp.Pl. 2 : 1067. 1753.
Polypodium adnascens Sw., Syn. Fil. 25. 1806.
Niphobolus adnascens (Sw.) Bedd., Ferns South India t. 184. 1864.
Pyrrosla adnascens (Sw.) Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1 : 45. 1935.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi), Himalayas; Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indian Ocean islands, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Polynesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Pyrrosia porosa (C.Presl) Hovenkamp, Blumea 30(1): 208. 1984; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25.1998
Niphobolus porosus C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 200. 1836.
Cyclophorus porosus (C. Presl) C. Presl,
Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5 6: 490.1851
Polypodium porosum (C. Presl) Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 1: 128.1856
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore, Tumkur); Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,Thailand, Vietnam.
Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching
Lepisorus nudus (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 4(3): 83. 1933; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23.1998
Pleopeltis nuda Hook., Exot. Fl. 1: 63. 1823.
P. linearis sensu Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 346. 1883
pro
parte.
P. wightiana Bedd., Ferns S. India 60, t. 180. 1864
pro
parte.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Leptochilus Kaulf.
Leptochilus axillaris (Cav.) Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 147, t.1, f. 10. 1824; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23.1998.
Acrostichum axillare Cav., Ann. Hist. Nat. 1 : 101. 1799.
Gymnopteris variabilis var.
axillaris (Cav.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India t. 271.1868.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India, Assam, W Bengal; Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand.
Leptochilus decurrens Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae fasc. 2: 206. 1828; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:23.1998
Acrostichum variable Hook., Sp. Fil. 5 : 277. 1864.
Gymnopteris variabilis (Hook.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India t. 272. 1868.
G. lanceolatus (Fee) Bedd., Fems Brit. India Suppl. 26.1876.
G. variabilis var.
lanceolatus (Fee) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 429. 1883.
Paraleptochilus decurrens (Blume) Copel., Gen. Fil. 198. 1947.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada); Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Island, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Microsorum Link
Microsorum
membranaceum (D. Don) Ching,
Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 4(10): 309.1933.
Polypodium
membranaceum D. Don,
Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 2.1825
Pleopeltis
membranacea (D. Don) T. Moore ex Bedd.,
Ferns S. India 59, t. 177. 1864; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24.1998
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in mountainous regions; Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Thailand, Vietnam.
Microsorum pteropus (Blume) Copel.,Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16(2): 112.1929.
Kaulinia pteropus var. minor (Bedd.) B.K. Nayar & S. Kaur,
Companion Beddome's Handb. Ferns Brit. India 87.1974.
Pleopeltis pteropus var.
minor Bedd. Ferns S. India t. 179. 1864.
Microsorum pteropus (Blume) Copel. Forma
minor (Bedd.) Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. 4: 312. 1933; P. K. Rajagop. & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24.1998
Microsorum pteropus var. minor (Bedd.) C. Chr. & Tardieu, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8(4): 194.1939
Karnataka (Kodagu), S & NE India; China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.
Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel.,Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16(2): 111. 1929; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24. 1998.
Acrostichum punctatum L., Sp. Pl. 1524. 1753.
Polypodium punctatum Sw. in Schrd. J. 1800. 2:21. 1801.
Pleopeltis punctata Bedd., Handb.Fems Brit.India 357, t. 201. 1883.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S & NE India; Africa, Australia, China, Indian Ocean islands, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Pleopeltis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf., Berlin. Jahrb. Pharm. Verbundenen Wiss. 21: 41 1820; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:24.1998.
Polypodium lanceolatum L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1082. 1753.
Polypodium macrocarpum Bory ex Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 4, 5 : 147. 1810.
Pleopeltis lanceolata Kaulf.,
Enum. Filic. 245.1824.
Phlebodium
lanceolatum (L.) J. Sm. in
J. Bot. 4: 59.1841.
Niphobolus
lanceolatus (L.) Keyserl.,Polyp. Herb. Bunge 39.1873.
Pleopeltis lanceolata (L.) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 351, t. 197. 1883.
Lepicystis
lanceolata (L.) Diels in
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 323.1899.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara), Maharashtra; Africa, China, Hawaii, Réunion, Madagascar, tropical America.
Psilotaceae
Psilotum Sw.
Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv.,
Prodr. Aethéogam. 106, 112.1805; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:6. 1998.
Lycopodium
nudum L., Sp. Pl. 1100.1753.
Psilotum triquetrum Sw. in
Schrader J. Bot. 1800 (2) : 109. 1801.
Tristeca
nuda (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. St.-Hil.,
Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 39.1805.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Mysore, Uttara Kannada), throughout India in hilly regions; throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Pteridaceae
Acrostichum L.
Acrostichum aureum L., Sp. Pl. 1069. 1753; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7. 1998.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout coastal areas of India;Pantropical costal areas.
Actiniopteris Link
Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link, Fil. Spec. 80. 1841;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8.1998.
Asplenium radiatum Sw., in Schrud. J. Bot. 1800 (2): 50. 1801.
Actiniopteris dichotoma Kuhn, Bot. Zeit. 504. 1871.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Bellary, Bidar, Chitradurga, Hassan, Mandya, Mysore, Raichur), throughout India in drier regions;Afghanistan, Africa,
Arabia,
Australia,
Madagascar, Myanmar, Iran,
Nepal,
Sri Lanka.
Adiantum L.
Adiantum aethiopicum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2 : 1329. 1759;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), Tamil Nadu ;
Africa, Americas,Australia,
New Zealand.[
Vernacular name/Common name:
Common maidenhair fern (English).
Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. 1753;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysore), throughout India in mountainous regions; Pan-tropical and temperate regions of the world.
Adiantum
hispidulum Sw.in Schrader J. Bot. 1800(2): 82. 1801; Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10. 1998.
Adiantum
pubescens Schk., Krip. Grew. 1: 41 : 116. 1809.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), Tamil Nadu;
Africa, Australia, Malesia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands,
Polynesia, Sri Lanka.
Vernacular names/Common names:
Rough Maidenhair Fern, Five-fingered jack (English).
Adiantum incisum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 187. 1775; Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Adiantum
caudatum auct. non L. 1771;Bedd., Ferns S. India t. 2. 1863.
Karnataka (Bidar, Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Hassan, Mysore,Tumkur), throughout India; Africa, Yemen.
Adiantum latifolium Lam., Encyc. 1: 43. 1783;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada); native to Neotropical areas, naturalised in the palaeotropics.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Broadleaf maidenhair (English).
Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 235. 1768; Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Adiantum
philippense L., Sp. Pl. 1094. 1753.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysore, Shimoga,Udupi, Uttara Kannada), Rajasthan, NE India; Africa, Asia, Madagascar.
Vernacular names/Common names:
Black maidenhair, Walking maidenhair fern (English),
Hamsapadhi (Sanskrit)
Adiantum raddianum C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 158. 1836;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga), S India; tropical and subtropical America, introduced elsewhere.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Delta maidenhair fern (English).
Adiantum zollingeri Mett. ex Kuhn, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 280. 1869;P.K. Rajagopal & K.G.Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India, Himalayas; Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand.
Anogramma Link
Anogramma
leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. Spec. 137. 1841;P.K.Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Gymnogramma leptophylla Desv., Bed. Mag. 5 : 305. 1811.
Polypodium
leptophyllum L.,
Sp. Pl. 2: 1092.1753.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru),Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra,Punjab,Tamil Nadu; Africa, Australia, Brazil, Europe, Iran, Mediterranean, Mexico, New Zealand, Sri Lanka.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Jersey fern (English).
Antrophyum Kaulf.
Antrophyum plantagineum (Cav.) Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 197. 1824;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Hemionitis plantaginea Cav., Descr. 260. 1802.
Karnataka (Chikkmagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu), Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu; Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Polynesia, Philippines.
Ceratopteris Brongn.
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 8: 186. 1821; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Acrostichum thalictroides L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1070. 1753.
Karnataka (Bijapur, Chitradurga, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysuru, Tumakuru, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; Pantropical.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Water Sprite (English).
Cheilanthes Sw.
Cheilanthes albomarginata C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1(7): 456. 1880; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15: 9.1998.
Cheilanthes
farinosa var.
albomarginata (C.B.Clarke) Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India Suppl. 22. 1892.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara), throughout India in hilly regions; Bhutan, China, Nepal.
Cheilanthes
farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 212. 1824;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Pteris farinosa Forssk., Fl.Aegypt. Arab. 187. 1775.
Karnataka (Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga), throughout India; Pantropical.
Vernacular names/Common names:
Floury Cloak Fern, Lip fern (English).
Cheilanthes swartzii Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3 (2). pars 3. 453.1847;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Cheilanthes
mysurensis Wall, ex Bedd., Ferns S. India,t. 190. 1864.
Karnataka (Bangalore ,Bellary, Hassan, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore, Tumkur), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Orissa, Tamil Nadu; Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
Cheilanthes
tenuifolia (Burm.) Sw., Syn. Fil. 129, 332. 1806;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Cheilosoria
tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Trevis., Atti dell' Istit. Veneto 5(3): 579. 1877.
Trichomanes tenuifolia Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 237. 1768.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada),
throughout India; Australia, China?, Myanmar, Malaysia,Polynasia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.
Doryopteris J. Sm.
Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn, Reisen Ost-Afrika 3(3): 19. 1879;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Pellaea
concolor Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. Fil. 19, t. 21. 1810.
Pellaea geranifolia (Reddi) Fee, Mem. Fern Fough. 5 : 130. 1850-52.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Kodagu, Mysore), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Africa, Australia, Caribbean Islands, C & S America, China, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.
Hemionitis L.
Hemionitis arifolia ( Burm. f.) T. Moore., Index Fil. 114. 1859;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:9.1998.
Asplenium arifolium Burm., Fl. Ind. 231. 1768.
Hemionitis cordifolia Roxb. ex Bedd., Ferns S. India, t. 53. 1864.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan,
Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga, Tumkur, Udupi), S India; Indo-China, SE Asia, Sri Lanka
Vernacular name/Common name:
Heart Fern,Tongue fern (English)
Pityrogramma Link
Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Handbuch 3: 20. 1833;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Acrostichum calomelanos L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1072. 1753.
Gymnogramma calomelanos (L.) Kaulf., Enum. Filic. 76.1824.
Pellaea calomelanos (L.) Link, Fil. 61. 1841.
Ceropteris calomelanos (L.) Link, Fil. Spec. 141.1841.
Pteris calomelanos (L.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India, t. 22. 1883
Gymnogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava Hook.,Gard. Ferns t. 50.1862;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998.
Neurogramma calomelanos (L.) Diels, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 264.1899.
Ceratopteris calomelanos (L.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club ??: 632.1929.
Pityrogramma calomelanos var.
aureofiava (Hook) Weath. ex Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl. 64. 1926;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:10.1998
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Tumkur, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; native to C & S America, cultivated and naturalised in old world countries.
Pteris L.
Pteris argyraea T. Moore, Gard. Chron. 1859: 671. 1859;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7. 1998.
Pteris quadriaurita Retz. var.
argenta Bedd., Handb. Ferns Br. India: 11. 1863.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan), Kerala,Tamil Nadu;endemic.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Silver Brake fern (English).
Pteris aspericaulis Wall. ex J. Agardh, Recens. Spec. Pter. 22.1839;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Pteris quadriaurita var.
aspericaulis (Wall. ex Agardh) Beddome, Handb. Fems Brit. India 111. 1883.
Karnataka (Kodagu), throughout India; Bhutan, China, Nepal
Pteris arisanensis Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 102.1936.
Karnataka (), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Pteris biaurita L. subsp.
walkeriana Fraser-Jenk. & D. Rajkumar in Fraser-Jenkins , Taxon. Rev. Indian Subcont. Pterid. Rev. Cens. List: 115. 2008;V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 276. 2013.
Pteris
biaurita auct. non L.,1753;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Campteria biaurita (L.) Hook., Gen. Fil. t. 65A. 1841.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Pteris blumeana J. Agardh, Recens.Spec. Gen. Pterid. : 22. 1839;V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 278. 2013.
Karnataka (Kodagu), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; SE Asia.
Pteris confusa T. G. Walker, Kew Bull. 14 : 329. 1960;V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 279. 2013.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.
Pteris ensiformis Burm.f. cv.
victoriae Baker, Gard. Chron. Ser. 37: 756. 1890;V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 279. 2013.
Karnataka (cultivated as ornamental in Bengaluru, Mysuru), Kerala;Indonesia, Malaysia.
Pteris heteromorpha Fee, Mem. Fam. Foug. 5. Gen. Fil.: 127. 1852; V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 283. 2013.
Pteris propinqua J.Sm., J. Bot. 3: 405. 1841, non J.Agardh. 1839.
Pteris cretica var.
heteromorpha ( Fee) Bedd., Handb. Ferns. Brit. India: 106. 1883.
Pteris almeidiana Bole & Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74: 320. 1977.
Karnataka (Kodagu), C, S to NE India; Sri Lanka.
Pteris linearis Poir.,
Encycl. 5(1): 723.1804;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Pteris nemoralis Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 1073. 1809
Pteris normalis D. Don,Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 15.1825.
Campteria nemoralis J. Sm., Bot. Mag. 72: 23.1846.
Pteris hildebrandtii Hieron.,
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 3: 407.1915.
Pteris glabra Merr.,Lingnan Sci. J. 5: 16.1927.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), Himalayas; E Africa, tropical Asia.
Pteris longipes D. Don,
Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 15. 1825;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Hypolepis pteridioides Hook.,
Sec. Cent. Ferns 39,t.39.1861.
Pteris brevisora Baker,
Syn. Fil. 162.1867.
Pteris pellucens J. Agardh, Recens. Spec. Pter. 43.1839
Pteris zollingeri Mett. ex Miq.,Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4(4): 97.1869.
Karnataka (Shimoga), S India, E Himalaya;Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Pteris otaria Bedd., Ferns S. India: 13, t. 41. 1863; V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 287. 2013.
Pteris quadriaurita forma ludens Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 386. 1864.
Pteris quadriaurita var. ludens (Thwaites) Bedd., Handb. Ferns. Brit. India: 111.1883.
Karnataka (), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.
Pteris sp. near
pellucens J. Agardh, Recens.Spec. Gen. Pter.: 43. 1839; V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 289. 2013.
Karnataka (?), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; endemic?
Pteris pellucida C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 : 55. 1825;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8.1998.
?Pteris venusta Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 1848: 195. 1848.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; Bangladesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea. Philippines.
Pteris praetermissa T. G. Walker, Kew Bull. 14: 327. 1960; V. K. Sreenivas, C. R. Fraser-Jenk. & P. V. Madhus., Indian Fern J. 30: 295. 2013.
Pteris furunculata N.C.Nair & S.R.Ghosh, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 55: 38.1976.
Pteris manickamii D.Rajkumar, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 102: 313. 2005.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluruu, Kodagu), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka.
Pteris quadriaurita Retz.,Observ. Bot. 6: 38.1791;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Tumkur, Uttara Kannada), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Pantropical.
Pteris scabripes Wall. ex Agardh, Recens. Spec. Gen. Pterid.: 11. 1839; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8.1998.
Pteris
silentvalliensis S. R. Ghosh & R. K., Ghosh, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. 79 : 385. 1982.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Malaysia, Thailand.
Pteris semipinnata L., Sp. Pl. 1076.1753;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Uttara Kannada); throughout India in hilly regions;Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
Pteris vittata L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1074. 1753;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:8. 1998.
Pteris linearis Roxb. in Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 505. 1844, non Poir. 1804.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Mysore, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu;throughout tropics and subtropics.
Vittaria Sm.
Vittaria elongata Sw., Syn. Fil. 109. 302. 1806;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:11.1998.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada).
throughout India in mountainous regions; Africa, Autralia, Indo-China, S & SE Asia.
Salviniaceae
Azolla Lam.
Azolla pinnata subsp. africana (Desv.) R.M.K. Saunders & K. Fowler, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109: 351, f. 30A. 1992; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25. 1998.
Azolla pinnata R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 167.1810.
Azolla africana Desv., Mem.Soc. Linn.Paris 6(2):178.1827.
Azolla
pinnata var.
africana (Desv.) Baker,
Handb. Fern-Allies 138.1887.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad, Hassan, Kodagu, Kolar, Mandya, Mysuru, Udupi), throughout India; Paleotropical.
Vernacular names/Common names:
Feathered mosquito fern, Ferny azolla, Water velvet (English).
Salvinia Seg.
Salvinia adnata Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 177. 1827; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:25. 1998.
Salvinia molesta
D. S. Mitch., Brit. Fern. Gaz. 10 : 251. 1972.
Karnataka (Bengaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Kolar, Mysore, Udupi), throughout tropical ares of India; native to Brazil; Pantropical water weed.
Vernacaulr names/Common names:
African pyle, Aquarium water moss, Aquarium water-moss, Giant salvinia, Giant water fern, Kariba weed, Kariba-weed, karibaweed, Salvinia, Water fern African payal (English).
Salvinia natans (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 289.1785; Bhaskar & Razi, Hydrophy. Marsh Pl. Mysore City .1973.
Karnataka (Mysuru), throughout India; SE India, warmer parts of Europe.
Schizaeaceae
Schizaea Sm.
Schizaea digitata (L.) Sw., Syn. Fil. 150, t. 4. 1806; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:7. 1998.
Acrostichum
digitatum L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1068. 1753.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada), Peninsular to N and NE India;Paleotropical.
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella P. Beauv.
Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 231, no. 136. 1843; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Lycopodium ciliare Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 32. 1789
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysuru, Shimoga, Udupi), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal; Australia,China, Indonesia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Selaginella delicatula (Desv. ex Poir.) Alston, J. Bot. 70 (838): 282. 1932; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Lycopodium delicatulum Desv. ex Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 5: 554. 1814.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tripura, Tamil Nadu; Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Selaginella
miniatospora (Dalz.) Baker, J. Bot.23: 249. 1885; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5.1998.
Lycopodium miniatosporum Dalz. in Hook., J. Bot. 4: 114. 1852.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), Maharastra, Goa; endemic.
Selaginella plana (Desv. ex Poir.) Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 703. 1901; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Lycopodium
planum Desv. ex Poir. in Lam., Encyl. Suppl. 3: 554. 1814.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi),West Bengal; tropical Asia, introduced elsewhere.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Asian Spikemoss (English).
Selaginella proniflora (Lam.) Baker, J. Bot. 22: 156. 1885; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5.1998.
Lycopodium
proniflorum Lam., Encycl. 3: 652. 1789.
Selaginella dalzellii Baker, J. Bot. 23: 249. 1885.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada,Hassan, Uttara Kannada),Maharashtra.
Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Mem. Acad. Sci. Bel. 24 (2): 114. 1850; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5.1998.
Lycopodium radicatum Hook. & Grev. in Hook., Bot. Misc. 2 : 397.1831.
Karnataka (Hassan), Arunachal Pradesh,Tamil Nadu; endemic.
Selaginella repanda (Desv. ex Poir.) Spring in Voy. Bonite Bot. 1: 329. 1844; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5.1998.
Lycopodium
repandum Desv. ex Poir.in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 3: 558. 1814.
Karnataka (Mysore), Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttara Pradesh, Tamil Nadu; Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
Selaginella tenera (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull.Ac.Brux.10 (144): 232 .1843;P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Lycopodium tenerum Hook. & Grev.in Hook., Bot. Misc. 2 (181) : 400.1831.
Herb,Evergreen forests of Western Ghats as a forest undergrowth.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga,Udupi, Uttara Kannada), Kerala, Tamil Nadu;endemic.
Selaginella wightii Hieron., Hedw. 39: 319. 1900; P.K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:5. 1998.
Lycopodium bryopteris Wall., Cat. No. 2188. 1829, non Linn..
Karnataka (Hassan, Mandya, Tumkur),Tamil Nadu;Africa, Sri Lanka.
Tectariaceae
Tectaria Cav.
Tectaria coadunata (J. Sm.) C. Chr., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 331. 193; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998
Aspidium coadunatum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon Fil. 2 : t. 202. 1831, non Kaulf. 1824.
Sagenia coadunata J. Smith, in Hook. J. Bot. 4 : 184. 1841.
Sagenia macrodonta Fee, Gen. Fil. 313. t. 24A, fig. 1. 1852.
Aspidium cicutarium sensu Hook., Sp. Fil. 4 : 48. 1862,
pro parte.non
Polypodium cicutarium L.
Sagenia variolosa sensu Bedd., Fems Brit. India t. 170.1866, non
Tectaria variolosa (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Chr.
Tectarla macrodonta (Fee) C. Chr. Index Fil. Suppl. 3 : 181. 1934.
Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S & NE India;Bhutan, China, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, tropial Africa, Vietnam.
Tectaria polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 2(6): 413. 1907; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:21.1998
Aspidium polymorphum Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 54. 1862.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S India, NW Himalaya; Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Thelypteridaceae
Ampelopteris
Kunze
Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel., Gen. Fil. 144. 1947;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:14.1998.
Hemionitis prolifera Retz., Obs. Bot. 6:31. 1791.
Goniopteris prolifera (Retz.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 183. 1836.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Mandya, Mysuru, Uttara Kannada), throughout India; throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Amphineuron
Holttum
Amphineuron opulentum (Kaulf.) Holttum, Blumea 19(1): 45. 1971;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Aspidium opulentum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. Chamisso 238. 1824.
Aspidium
extensum Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 156. 1828.
Nephrodium externum (Blume) Moore, Index Fil. 91. 1858.
Nephrodium punctatum Parish ex Bedd., Fems Brit. India t. 131. 1866.
Dryopteris extensa (Blume) Kuntz., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 : 812. 1891.
Cyclosorus extensus (Blume) Ching in Bull. Fan.meml. Inst. Biol. (Bot.) 8 : 182. 1938.
Thelypteris extensa (Blume) Morton, Am. Fern. J. 49 : 113. 1959.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), S & NE India; Australia, Indian ocean Islands, Myanmar, Polynesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, tropical America.
Christella Lev.
Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, Brit. Fern Gaz. 10(6): 338. 1973;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Cyclosorus
dentatus (Forssk.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8(4): 206. 1938.
Polypodium dentatum Forssk., Fl.Aegypt. Arab. 185. 1773.
Nephrodium molle sensu Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 67. 1862, pro
parte, non
Polypodium molle Jacq.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Mysore, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), throughout India;Pantropical.
Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum, Kew Bull. 31(2): 312. 1976;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Aspidium hispidulum Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist.Nat. Paris 3: 346. 1834.
Nephrodium quadrangulare Fee, Gen. Fil. 308. 1852.
Dryopteris contigua Rosenst., MededRijks.31: 8. 1917.
Cyclosorus contiguus(Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst.BioI. (Bot.) 10 :243. 1941.
Christella quadrangularis (Fee) Holttum in Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Bedd. Handb. 207. 1974.
Nephrodium molle sensu Bedd.,Handb. Ferns. Brit. India 277. 1883,
pro
parte, non
Aspidium molle Sw.
Karnataka (Kodagu, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), S India Meghalaya;Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, tropical America. Seychelles, tropical Asia, tropical S. America.
Christella meeboldii (Rosenst.) Holttum in Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Bedd. Handb. 208. 1974 ; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Dryopteris meeboldii Rosenst., Reprium Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12 : 247. 1913.
Cyclosorus meeboldii (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. (Bot.) 8:210. 1938.
Thelypteris meeboldii C. F. Reed, Phytologia 17 : 291. 1968.
Christella malabariensis (Fee) Holttum, Kew Bull. 31: 317.1976.
pro
parte.
Karnataka (Hassan, Mandya), S to NE India; Sri Lanka.
Christella papilio (Hope) Holttum in Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Bedd. Handb. 208. 1974;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Nephrodium papilio Hope, J.Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. 12 : 625. 1899.
Nephrodium
molle var.
major Bedd., Handb., Fems. Brit. India Suppl. 76. 1892,
pro
parte.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Shimoga, Uttara Kannada), S to NE India; Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand.
Christella parasitica (L.) Lev., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 475. 1915;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15. 1998.
Polypodium parasiticum L., Sp. Pl. 2 : 1090. 1753.
Nephrodium didymosorum Parish ex Bedd., Ferns Brit. India t. 200. 1868.
Nephrodium
molle var.
didymosorum (Parish ex Bedd.) Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 279. 1883.
Cyclosorus didymosorus (Parish ex Bedd.) Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Bedd. Handb. 208. 1974.
Dryopteris parasitica C. Chr., Ark. Bot. 9 : 26, f. 4. 1910.
Karnataka (Bangalore, Chamarajanagara, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad, Hassan, Mandya, Shimoga, Udupi, Uttara Kannada), S to NE India; Australia, Polynesia, tropical Africa,tropical & subtropical Asia.
Cyclosorus Link
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Ito, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51(608): 714. 1937;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16.1998.
Pteris interrupta Willd., Phytographia 13, t. 10, fig. 1. 1794.
Nephrodium propingum R. Br., Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 148. 1810.
Karnataka (Chitradurga, Uttara Kannada), throughout India;throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world
Vernacular name/Common name:
Swamp shield-fern(English).
Cyclosorus
terminans (J. Sm. ex Hook.) K.H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 220 1999;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:15.1998.
Amphineuron terminans (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Holttum, Am. Fern J. 63 : 83. 1973.
Nephrodium terminans J.Sm. ex Hook., Sp. Fil. 4: 73. 1862.
Nephrodium
pteroides sensu Bedd. J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Fems 54. 1857, non
Polypodium pteroides Retz.
Cyclosorus interruptus sensu Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Bot. 8 : 184. 1938, non
Pteris interrupta Willd.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Mysore, Mandya,Tumkur, Uttara Kannada), S India; Africa, Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malesia, Myanmar, Pacific islands, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
Macothelypteris (H. Ito) Ching
Macrothelypteris ornata (Wall. ex Bedd.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4): 309. 1963; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16.1998.
Polypodium ornatum Wall. ex Bedd., Ferns S. India 56,1.171.1864.
Phegopteris ornata J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 33.1875.
Thelypteris ornata Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. 6 : 346. 1936.
Karnataka (Hassan), S & NE India; Bhutan, China, Nepal, Thailand.
Macrothelypteris torresiana
(Gaudich.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4): 310 1963;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16. 1998.
Polystichum torresianum Gaudich., Freyc.Voy. Bot. 333.1828.
Lastrea torresianum (Hook.) Moore, India Fil. 99.1858.
Nephrodium tenericaule (Hook.) Hook.,Sp. Fil. 4 : 142, excl. t. 269. 1862
pro parte.
Lastrea setigera auct. non Moore,1858;Bedd., Ferns Brit. India corr. 1. 1870,
Karnataka (Hassan , Kodagu, Shimoga), S India, Himalayas; Australia, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific islands Philippines, tropical & subtropical regions of America, Vietnam.
Parathelypteris (H. Ito) Ching
Parathelypteris beddomei (Baker) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4): 302. 1963; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16.1998.
Nephrodium beddomeii Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 267. 1867.
Lastrea beddomei (Baker) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India corr. (Suppl. 6)11. 1870.
Thelypteris beddomei (Baker) Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. (Bot.) 6 : 308. 1936.
Lastrea gracilescens sensu Bedd., Ferns S. India 38,1.110. 1864 non
Aspidium gracilescens Blume.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S India;China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan.
Pneumatopteris Nakai
Pneumatopteris truncata (Poir.) Holttum, Blumea 21(2): 314. 1973;P. K. Rajagopal & Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16. 1998.
Polypodium truncatum Poir. in Lam., Encyl. 5: 534.1804.
Nephrodium truncatum sensu Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 280. 1883.
Cyclosorus truncatus (Poir.) Fauo., Amer. Natu. 12: 250. 1931.
Karnataka (Uttara Kannada), S to NE India; China, Indo-China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka.
Vernacular name/Common name:
Christmas Island Fern (English)
Pronephrium Presl
Pronephrium
articulatum (Houlston &T. Moore) Holttum, Blumea 20(1): 116. 1972; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:16.1998.
Nephrodium articulatum Houlston & T.Moore, Gard. Mag. Bot. 293. 1857.
Nephrodium
abruptum sensu Bedd., Ferns S. India 31, t. 86. 1863 non
Aspidium abruptum Blume.
Nephrodium pennigerum sensu Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 277. 1883
pro parte.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru), S to NE India; Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand
Pseudocyclosorus Ching
Pseudocyclosorus ochthodes (Kunze) Holltum in Nayar & Kaur, Comp. Bedd., Hand. 204. 1974;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998
Aspidium octhodes Kunze, Linnaea 24: 282. 1851.
Lastrea octhodes (Kunze) Moore, Index Fil. 98. 1858.
Nephrodium octhodes (Kunze) Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 109. 1862. pro parte excl. syn.
Aspidium tylodes Kunze
Thelypteris octhodes (Kunze) Ching, Bull.Fan Mem.Biol.(Bot) 6: 300. 1938.
Nephrodium prolixum Baker, Syn. Fil. 268. 1867 pro parte,C. B. Clarke, Trans.Linn.Soc. London Bot. 1:516.1880. pro
parte.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga), Kerala, Tami Nadu; China?, Indo-China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka.
Thelypteris Schmid.
Thelypteris
xylodes (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6(5): 296. 1936; Rajkumar, Ind. J. For. 27 (3): 245. 2004.
Pseudocyclosorus
tylodes (Kunze) Ching, Acta Phytotax.Sin.8:324. 1963.
Aspidum xylodes Kunze, Linnaea 24: 281. 1851.
Lastrea xylodes( Kunze) T. Moore, Index Fil. 107. 1858.
Nephrodium
prolixum
var. tylodes (Kunze) Baker, Syn. Syn. Fil. 268. 1867.
Lastrea octhodes var. tylodes (Kunze) Bedd.,
Ferns S. India 37, t.107.1873.
Nephrodium prolixum sensu C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London , Bot. 1: 516. 1880,
pro parte
Nephrodium tylodes (Kunze) Hope, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 724. 1903.
Thelypteris
tylodes(Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. (Bot) 6: 286. 1936.
Pseudocyclosorus tuberculifer (C.Chr.) Ching, Acta Phytox. Sin. 8: 324. 1963.
Cyclosorus tylodes (Kunze) Panigrahi, Res. J. Pl. Environ. 9: 67. 1993.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga), S Indiia, Himalayas; China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Trigonospora Holttum
Trigonospora caudipinna (Ching) Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8 (1) : 15. 1981; P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17. 1998
Thelypteris caudipinna Ching, Bull. Fan. Meml. Inst. Biol. (Bot.) 6 : 288. 1936.
Lastrea faciloba Bedd., Ferns S. India 37, t. 105. 1863 non
Nephrodium facilobum Hook.
Lastrea bergiana sensu Bedd., Ferns S. India & Brit. India Suppl. 16, t. 370. 1876 non
Polypodium bergianum Schlechter.
Trigonospora obtusiloba Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8(1): 18. 1981; Rajkumar, Ind. J. For. 27(3): 249. 2004Lastrea calcarata var.
ciliata Bedd., Handb. Fems Brit. India 235, f. 121.1883.
Trigonospora ciliata var.
angustifolia Holttum in Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Dist. 866. 1976.
Karnataka (Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimoga), S & N India; Sri Lanka
Trigonospora ciliata (Wall. ex Benth.) Holttum, Blumea 19 (1): 29. 1971;P. K. Rajagopal & K. G. Bhat, Indian Fern J. 15:17.1998
Aspidium ciliatum Wall. ex Benth., Fl. Hong Kong 455. 1861.
Lastrea calcarata sensu Bedd., Handb. Ferns Brit. India 235. 1883
pro parte
non
Aspidium calcaratum Blume
Karnataka (Hassan), S India, Himalayas; Myanmar, Sri Lanka.
References
1. Bhaskar, V. & Razi, B. A. 1973. Hydrophytes and marsh plants of Mysore City and neibhouring areas. Prasaranga, Mysore, pp 102.
2. Dixit, R.D. 1984. A Census of Indian Pteridophytes. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Pp.177.
3. Patil, S., Hande, P., Yadav, S.R. & Dongare, M. 2013. Isoetes indica Pant & Srivastava: New record for Western Ghats of India. Indian Fern J. 30:78 – 82.2013.
4. Rajagopal, P. K., Bhat, K.G. 1998. Pteridophytic flora of Karnataka State, India. Indian Fern J. 15. (1-2): 1 – 28.
5. Rajkumar, S.D. 2004. Asplenium affine Swartz and Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) Morton : two new records of rare and little known ferns from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Indian Fern J. 21: 13 – 18.
6. Rajkumar, S.D. 2004.
Studies on the genus Pseudocyclosorus Ching (Thelypteridaceae - Pteridophyta) of Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Indian J. Forest. 27: 245 – 248.
7. Rajkumar, S.D. 2004. Studies on the genus Tectaria Cavanilles (Dryopteridaceae - Pteridophyta) of Western Ghats of Karnataka. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28: 257 – 262.